??Prof Francesco Petruccione from the School for Data Science and Computational Thinking at Stellenbosch 肆客足球 (SU) delivered his inaugural lecture on Wednesday 23 October 2024. The title of his lecture was “The adjacent quantum: Bridging theory and technology for a quantum future".
Petruccione, who is also the Director of the National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), headquartered at SU, spoke to the Corporate Communication and Marketing Division about how quantum technologies can spark breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology, boost data security, revolutionise industries and create educational and career opportunities for the next generation of scientists and engineers.
Tell us more about your research and why you became interested in this specific field.
I've always been captivated by the role of randomness in shaping the world. This curiosity led me to dive into statistical physics (studying how large groups of tiny particles behave by using statistics) and stochastic processes (processes where the outcome is not completely predictable), where I learned to embrace uncertainty as a powerful way to understand complex systems. Eventually, this journey brought me to quantum mechanics, where probability isn't just an abstract idea—it's the core of everything.
My research now focuses on quantum computing (harnessing the unique qualities of quantum mechanics to solve problems much faster than regular computers), quantum communication (using the principles of quantum physics to carry data in a super safe way), and open quantum systems (quantum systems that interact with their surrounding environment), exploring how these technologies can transform computing and secure communications and offer new insights into biological processes and technology.
How would you describe the relevance of your work?
Quantum computing has the potential to tackle problems that classical computers just can't handle—like cracking complex codes, designing new materials, and revolutionising drug discovery. Quantum communication, with its security based on the principles of physics rather than mathematical assumptions, is becoming crucial as our digital world keeps expanding.
By studying open quantum systems, we're trying to get a clearer picture of how quantum processes interact with their surroundings—a vital step towards creating stable, dependable quantum technologies. Plus, bringing quantum concepts into biology might unlock deep insights into how life works, sparking breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.
What are some current contributions of quantum science and technology, and what potential do they hold for improving our daily lives?
Quantum science and technology are already making real contributions, and there's so much more potential waiting to be explored. Take quantum key distribution, for example—it's already boosting data security, which is crucial in today's digital age. Quantum sensors are also making waves, delivering unmatched precision in everything from medical imaging to environmental monitoring.
Looking ahead, quantum computing could completely change how we solve complex problems, whether it's simulating molecular interactions, developing new materials, or optimising logistical networks. In biology, diving into quantum phenomena could unlock major breakthroughs in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of life, with big implications for healthcare and biotech.
What are some of the most recent advances in quantum machine learning?
Recent breakthroughs are bringing fresh ways to handle data processing and analysis, opening up opportunities that go beyond classical methods. Quantum algorithms are being developed to tackle tasks like data classification, clustering, and pattern recognition, using the unique quantum properties of superposition and entanglement to offer real advantages when working with complex datasets.
In astrophysics, we're exploring quantum machine learning to handle the massive amounts of data coming from telescopes and simulations. For instance, we've successfully used quantum machine learning to classify pulsars (fast-spinning neutron stars that send out beams of radio waves) with data from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope project. In the medical field, quantum machine learning has huge potential to revolutionise diagnostics and personalised treatment by quickly analysing complex datasets like genomic sequences and medical imaging—leading to faster, more precise healthcare solutions.
As a professor of quantum computing, how do you view the significance of this field for South Africa and globally?
I see quantum computing as a game-changer for both South Africa and the world. Its potential to solve problems that classical computers struggle with makes it a key driver for progress in areas like material science, chemistry, and data analysis.
For South Africa, quantum technologies offer a unique chance to fuel innovation and boost economic growth. By investing in quantum research and development, we can tackle local challenges—like optimising energy distribution, enhancing healthcare, and strengthening cybersecurity—while positioning the country as a leader in cutting-edge science across Africa. This also opens up exciting educational and career opportunities for the next generation of scientists and engineers.
On a global scale, quantum computing is set to revolutionise industries ranging from drug discovery to materials science. By taking part in this global movement, South Africa can share in technological advancements and help shape the future of science and technology.
If you were to look into your crystal ball, what future directions do you foresee for quantum science and technology?
Looking ahead, I see some truly exciting quantum science and technology breakthroughs. One big shift will be turning quantum computers from experimental prototypes into practical, scalable machines that can solve real-world problems. I imagine global networks powered by quantum entanglement and quantum key distribution in quantum communication, delivering unmatched security. These networks could completely change how we safeguard sensitive finance, healthcare, and government information.
Getting a deeper understanding of open quantum systems will be key to making quantum technology more stable and improving error correction—basically making it ready for everyday use. At the intersection of quantum science and biology, I see quantum biology leading to significant breakthroughs, like new insights into photosynthesis and enzyme function, which could inspire new medical treatments. On top of that, combining quantum computing with machine learning will supercharge data analysis in areas like genomics and finance. Finally, expanding quantum education will empower the next generation of scientists and engineers to innovate and fully unlock these technologies' potential.
You have spent many years in the challenging environment of higher education. What keeps you motivated when things get tough?
What keeps me going is the sense of purpose and endless possibilities that quantum science offers. I also get a lot of motivation from my students and colleagues. Teaching and mentoring young scientists reminds me why I fell in love with this field—their curiosity and enthusiasm are incredibly energising. Ultimately, it's the blend of doing meaningful research and helping others grow that keeps me inspired, even when things get tough.
What aspects of your work do you enjoy the most?
What I love most about my work is constantly exploring new ideas and the thrill of facing fresh challenges. Quantum science is evolving so fast, and there's always something new to learn or discover—it's never boring. I also really enjoy mentoring young scientists—seeing their growth, curiosity, and contributions reminds me why I'm so passionate about this field. Their enthusiasm is contagious and gives me fresh energy, making the pursuit of new knowledge even more rewarding. The mix of continuous learning and helping the next generation grow makes my work both fulfilling and incredibly enjoyable.
Tell us something exciting about yourself that people would not expect.
I believe in openness; perhaps that's why I don't have many secrets. I grew up in Italy but chose to pursue my studies abroad, starting in Germany right after my matriculation. I have never studied at an Italian university.
How do you spend your free time?
I love staying active and getting out in nature whenever I can. Running, walking, and hiking are my go-to activities—they keep me fit and clear my mind, often sparking fresh ideas for my work. With beautiful game reserves nearby, I never miss a chance to experience the wildlife and breathtaking views. I'm also a big fan of reading—nothing beats a good book to broaden my perspective and help me unwind after a long day.
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